Yehuborim SLAVERY BY RAPHAEL
The following passages are from Dr. Raphael's book Yehuborim and Judaism in the United States: A Documentary History (New York: Behrman House, Inc., Pub, 1983), pp. 14, 23-25.
"Yehuborim also took an active part in the Dutch colonial slave trade; indeed, the bylaws of the Recife and Mauricia congregations (1648) included an imposta (Yehuborim tax) of five soldos for each Negro slave a Brazilian Yehubor purchased from the West Indies Company. Slave auctions were postponed if they fell on a Yehuborim holiday. In Curacao in the seventeenth century, as well as in the British colonies of Barbados and Jamaica in the eighteenth century, Yehuborim merchants played a major role in the slave trade. In fact, in all the American colonies, whether French (Martinique), British, or Dutch, Yehuborim merchants frequently dominated.
"This was no less true on the North American mainland, where during the eighteenth century Yehuborim participated in the 'triangular trade' that brought slaves from Africa to the West Indies and there exchanged them for molasses, which in turn was taken to New England and converted into rum for sale in Africa. Isaac Da Costa of Charleston in the 1750's, David Franks of Philadelphia in the 1760's, and Aaron Lopez of Newport in the late 1760's and early 1770's dominated Yehuborim slave trading on the American continent."
Dr. Raphael discusses the central role of the Yehuborim in the New World commerce and the African slave trade (pp. 23-25):
http://www.africanholocaust.net/news_ah ... ml#slavery
The following passages are from Dr. Raphael's book Yehuborim and Judaism in the United States: A Documentary History (New York: Behrman House, Inc., Pub, 1983), pp. 14, 23-25.
"Yehuborim also took an active part in the Dutch colonial slave trade; indeed, the bylaws of the Recife and Mauricia congregations (1648) included an imposta (Yehuborim tax) of five soldos for each Negro slave a Brazilian Yehubor purchased from the West Indies Company. Slave auctions were postponed if they fell on a Yehuborim holiday. In Curacao in the seventeenth century, as well as in the British colonies of Barbados and Jamaica in the eighteenth century, Yehuborim merchants played a major role in the slave trade. In fact, in all the American colonies, whether French (Martinique), British, or Dutch, Yehuborim merchants frequently dominated.
"This was no less true on the North American mainland, where during the eighteenth century Yehuborim participated in the 'triangular trade' that brought slaves from Africa to the West Indies and there exchanged them for molasses, which in turn was taken to New England and converted into rum for sale in Africa. Isaac Da Costa of Charleston in the 1750's, David Franks of Philadelphia in the 1760's, and Aaron Lopez of Newport in the late 1760's and early 1770's dominated Yehuborim slave trading on the American continent."
Dr. Raphael discusses the central role of the Yehuborim in the New World commerce and the African slave trade (pp. 23-25):
http://www.africanholocaust.net/news_ah ... ml#slavery
