Had to go through my notes for this one. I'll break it down as best as I can.
Stormblood is correct on the core point.
Classical Jyotish remedial logic = feed the weak planet, not the strong one. Eating sweet to feed an already-strong Jupiter produces rajasic excess.. over-indulgence, weight gain, complacency, the shadow side of Jupiter amplified.
Avoiding pungent foods for a weak Sun produces tamasic depletion.. no vitality, low confidence, dull agni, the Sun's signification dims further.
Caveat, nuance exists. A reminder that "Afflicted" does not equal "weak."
An afflicted-but-strong planet causing disease may need pacifying, not feeding. A strong malefic Mars in Lagna producing inflammation and anger doesn't want more bitter/pungent heat poured on it.
And the Vata/Pitta/Kapha constitution overrides planet-taste matching: weak Mars in a high-Vata person means you don't load bitter foods, because bitter raises Vata further and the dosha disturbance will outweigh the planetary benefit. Full picture = planet strength × affliction × dosha × age × season × dasha period
On the chart itself
Flavors: mostly align with Parashara, except "umami" is not correct. Umami was coined by Kikunae Ikeda in 1908 and is not in classical Ayurveda. Mercury's classical rasa is mixed / all six tastes (adaptability, the intellect that metabolizes everything).
Worth knowing the historical debate here. The ancient rishis actually argued about how many tastes there are, and the record of the debate survives in the 26th chapter of the Charaka Samhita Sutrasthana (Vimana / Sutrasthana section, depending on edition). You can find the whole discussion there. Nimi the king of Videha proposed seven tastes by adding Kshara (alkaline). Dhamaragava Badisa pushed for eight by adding Kshara plus Avyakta (imperceptible). The council rejected both. Six rasas only.
The Charaka Samhita is the foundational text of Ayurveda, written around the 2nd century BCE. English translations are readily available (P.V. Sharma's translation is the standard scholarly one, and Priyavrat Sharma's Chaukhambha edition is the one most practitioners use). The taste debate is in Sutrasthana Chapter 26, "Atreya Bhadrakapyiya Adhyaya."
Grains: mostly classical Navadhanya, but Mars = Toor dal (pigeon pea), not red lentil (masoor). Both are red pulses so it's close, but the traditional Navagraha offering is toor. Rahu (black gram/urad) and Ketu (horse gram/kulthi) are missing entirely.
Vegetables: no canonical Parashara vegetable list exists in the old texts. The classical sources focused on grains and herbs because vegetables as a category varied too much by region and season. So the vegetable column is a modern extension using color and energetic resonance, which is how correspondence systems have always grown.
Sun to Carrot (orange, solar color, pungent and warm, rich in vitamin A for eyes and heart, both Sun significations).
Moon to Potato (white, watery, cooling, grounding, pure lunar qualities).
Mercury to Spinach (green, leafy, fast-growing, iron-rich for the nervous system Mercury rules).
Venus to Beet (deep red-pink, sweet and earthy, sour when fermented, blood-building and reproductive tonic, classic Venusian).
Mars to Tomato (red, acidic, fiery, lycopene for blood, Mars rules blood and heat).
Jupiter to Corn (golden-yellow, sweet, expansive, abundant, Jupiter's signature colors and qualities).
Saturn to Olive (black, astringent, preserved by time, long-lived trees, Saturn rules time, preservation, and the astringent rasa).
New World crops like tomato, corn, and olive weren't in the subcontinent when Parashara wrote, but the correspondence framework is designed to extend. If a new food shares the color, taste, and energetic signature of a planet, it belongs under that planet. That's how the system stays alive instead of getting frozen in the 6th century BCE.
Real practice = Prakriti (birth constitution) + Vikriti (current imbalance) + chart (planetary strength, affliction, current dasha). Pick the taste/grain/herb that corrects the deviation from Prakriti without aggravating the afflicted planet's signification. A single lookup table for "strong Jupiter = eat sweets" is too crude for anyone to actually use clinically.
Hail Zeus!